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Madeira - Species and Seasons
Showing below are the
species of fish that are in the waters surrounding Madeira and a
general idea of the seasons of different species. Please note that
the species below are migratory, so, due to seasonal variations the
dates are flexible.
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BLUE MARLIN
Season - June to September
Current IGFA
all-tackle record: 1,402 pounds,
Vitoria,
Brazil,
1992
All giant Marlins are females.
Males rarely attain a weight above 300 pounds. Very large females
are capable of producing over 100 million eggs. This pelagic and
migratory species occurs in tropical and warm-temperate oceanic
waters. The pectoral fins of Blue Marlin are never rigid, even
after death, and can be folded completely flat against the sides.
The dorsal fin is high and pointed anteriorly, and its greatest
height is less than the greatest body depth. The anal fin is
relatively large and pointed. The lateral line of an Atlantic
Blue Marlin is a reticulated network that is more complex than
the simple loops of the Pacific specimens. The vent is just in
front of the anal fin, as it is in all billfish except the
spearfish. The back is cobalt blue, and tile flanks and belly are
silvery white. They are known to feed on Squid and pelagic
fishes, including Blackfin Tuna and Frigate Mackerel. A powerful,
aggressive fighter, they run hard and long, they sound deep and
leap high into the air in a seemingly inexhaustible display of
strength.
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WHITE MARLIN
Season - May to September
Current
all-tackle record: 181 pounds,
Vitoria,
Brazil,
1979
The White
Marlin occurs throughout the
Atlantic Ocean.
Though this pelagic and migratory species is usually found in
deep blue tropical and warm, temperate waters, it frequently
comes in close to shore where waters aren't much deeper than 8
fathoms. Its most characteristic feature is the rounded, rather
than pointed, tips of the pectoral fins, first dorsal fin and
first anal fin. The first dorsal fin resembles that of the
Striped Marlin in that it is usually as high as or higher than
the greatest body depth. It differs from that of the Striped
Marlin, or any other Marlin, in that both margins are convex. The
flat, movable pectoral fins can easily be folded flush against
the sides of the body. The lateral line is visible and straight.
In overall appearance the white marlin is generally lighter in
colour and tends to show greener than other Marlins. Several
light-blue or lavender vertical bars may show on the flanks,
especially when the fish is feeding or leaping. Some specimens
have a scattering of black or purple spots on the first dorsal
and anal fins. |

SPEARFISH
Season - May to September
Current all-tackle record for Mediterranean
Spearfish: 90 pounds, Madeira Island, Portugal, 1980.Current all-tackle record for Longbill
Spearfish: 94 pounds, Puerto Rico, Canary Islands, 1994
The Spearfish occurs on open ocean along the continental shelf
and current lines, ocean-mountains and canyons. Floating logs and
weed beds may also hold Spearfish. The Spearfish can be
distinguished from other Billfishes by its slender, lightweight
body, short bill and dorsal fin, which is higher than in the
Marlins and lower than in the Sailfish. The vent is located well
in front of the anal fin. The bill of the Shortbill Spearfish is
barely longer than its lower jaw, where as in the Longbill
Spearfish it is about twice as long but still quite short by
Billfish standards. The pectoral fins barely reach the curve of
the lateral line. The lateral line is single and arches above the
pectoral fins. The dorsal fin is bright blue and has no spots.
The vertical bars on the body are never as prominent as in other
Billfish and may show only slightly or not at all. They feed at
or near the surface.
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BIG EYE TUNA
Season - February to June
Current all-tackle record: 392
pounds, Puerto Rico Gran Canaria, 1996
Found in warm temperature
waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and
Indian
Oceans, this
schooling, pelagic, seasonally migratory species is suspected of
making rather extensive migrations. The pectoral fins may reach
the second dorsal fin. The second dorsal and anal fins never
reach back as far as those large yellow fin tuna. It has a total
of 23-31 gill rakers on the first arch. The margin of the liver
is striated. The two dorsal fins are close-set, the first first
having 13-14 spines and the second 14-16 rays. The anal fin has
11-15 rays. On either side of the caudal peduncle there is a
strong lateral keel between two small keels that are located
slightly farther back on the tail. The scales are small except on
the anterior corselet. The vent is oval or teardrp shaped, not
round as the albacore. The first dorsal fin is deep yellow. The
second dorsal fin and the anal fin are blackish brown or yellow
and may be edged with black. Its diet includes squid,
crustaceans, mullet, sardines, mackerels and some deep-water
species. |

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ALBACORE
Season - October to January
Current all-tackle record: 88
pounds, Gran Canaria,
Spain,
1977
Found worldwide in tropical
and warm temperate seas. Pelagic and migratory. Usually remains
in clear blue tropical or warm waters but makes seasonal
migrations into colder zones.
The most distinguishing
feature of this member of the tuna and mackerel family is its
very long pectoral fins that reach to a point beyond the anal
fin. The deepest part of the albacore's body is near the second
dorsal fin, rather than near the middle of the first dorsal fin
as in other tunas, and the vent is round rather than oval or
teardrop shaped. The fins are dark yellowish, except for the
white trailing edge of the tail. The anal finlets are black.
They
feed on mullet, sardines, squids, herrings, anchovies and other
small fishes. |

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YELLOWFIN TUNA
Season - February to May
Current all-tackle record: 388 pounds, Isla
San Benedito, 1977
Occurs worldwide in deep, warm temperate
oceanic waters. It is both pelagic and seasonally migratory, but
has been known to come fairly close to shore.
Most large yellowfins have
overextended second dorsal and anal fins that may reach more than
halfway back to the tail base in some large specimens. The
pectoral fins in adults reach to the origin of the second dorsal
fin, but never beyond the second dorsal fin. This is probably the
most colorful of all tunas. The back is blue-black, fading to
silver on the lower flanks and belly. A golden yellow or
iridescent blue stripe runs from the eye of the tail. All the
fins and finlets are golden yellow. The diet depends largely on
local abundance and includes flying fish, other small fish, squid
and crustaceans. |

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SKIPJACK TUNA
Season - February to September
Current all-tackle record: 45 pound,
Flathead Bank,
Mexico,
1996
Frequent in tropical and subtropical seas
usually in coastal and oceanic waters. It is common throughout
the tropical
Atlantic. Skipjack tuna are
schooling, pelagic, migratory, deep-water species. The presence
of stripes on the belly and the absence of markings on the back
are sufficient to distinguish the skipjack tuna from all other
similar species. The lower flanks and belly are silvery with 4 to
6 prominent, dark longitudinal stripes running from just behind
the corselet back towards the tail. This is a gregarious fish and
a fast swimmer. It feeds near the surface, forming schools
composed to 50.000 or more individuals. |

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WAHOO
Season - September to January
Current all-tackle record: 158 pounds,
Loreto,
Mexico,
1996
Found worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate seas. Pelagic and seasonally migratory, it tends to be
a loner or travel in small groups of 2 to 6 fish. The upper jaw
is movable and the teeth are large, strong and literally
compressed. The well-defined lateral line dips noticeably near
the middle of the first dorsal fin. The back is a brilliant,
deep, blue sometimes described as metallic or electric blue.
Bright blue vertical bands, or "tiger stripes", flow down the
sides onto the silver and sometimes join into pairs on the belly.
It is found around
wrecks and reefs where smaller fish that is feeds upon are
abundant, but it may also be found far out at sea. It is reputed
to be one of the fastest fish on the sea, attaining speeds of 50
mph (80 Km) and more. The first scorching run may peel off
several hundreds of yards of line in seconds. Occasionally this
fish jumps on the strike and often shakes its head violently when
hooked in an effort to fee itself. |

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DORADO
Season - May to September
Current all-tackle record: 87 pounds,
Papagallo Gulf,
Costa Rica,
1976
Found worldwide in tropical and warm
temperate seas, the dorado is pelagic, schooling and migratory.
Though occasionally caught from an ocean pier, it is basically a
deep-water specie, inhabiting the surface of the open ocean.
The dorado is a
distinctive fish, both for its shape and its colors. Though it is
among the most colorful fish in the sea, the colors are quite
variable and defy an accurate simple description. Generally, when
the fish is alive in the water is rich iridescent blue or
blue-green dorsally, gold or silvery gold on the lower flanks and
silvery white or yellow on the belly. The sides are sprinkled
with a mixture of dark and light spots, ranging from black or
blue to golden. The dorsal fin is rich blue, and the anal fin is
golden silvery. When removed from the water, the colors fluctuate
between blue, green and yellow. After death turns into uniformly
yellow or silvery gray. Large males have high, vertical
foreheads, while the female's forehead is rounded. Males grow
larger than females.They are extremely fast swimmers and feed
extensively on flying fish and squid as well as small fish. |
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